Digital dermatitis

Digital dermatitis is an infectious skin lesion, meaning that it can be passed from cow to cow or between the feet of the same cow. Its infectious nature means that early detection and treatment is important to reduce spread.

Digital dermatitis most commonly appears as a painful skin lesion around the foot.

Signs to look for include:

• A red, ulcerative lesion at the back of the heel
• Lesions between the claws
• Lesions on the hairline at the front or side of the foot
• Cows that show signs of discomfort or are reluctant to walk

Not all cows with digital dermatitis will appear visibly lame, so regular foot checks are important.

The infection can also affect areas where the skin is already damaged, including:

• Areas of exposed corium (quick)
• Other wounds or lesions, such as hock sores

Preventing new infections and the recurrence of dormant lesions is key to controlling digital dermatitis.

A successful prevention programme should include:

• Regular footbathing
• Good hygiene
• Strong biosecurity

 Treat each cow on an individual basis as described in the steps.

Where a large proportion of the herd is infected, it may be necessary to undertake a ‘blitz treatment’.

This is where all affected cows are treated at the same time to bring infection levels under control.

Figure 1. Active digital dermatitis lesion

Figure 2. Toe necrosis with digital dermatitis

Digital dermatitis is extremely sensitive to most antibiotics. However, treatment can be challenging because the bacteria are covered by dead skin and sticky ooze.

The area to be sprayed must be cleaned and dried well before applying spray.

Clean and disinfect your hands and equipment afterwards.

A licensed antibiotic spray can be used and works well. More severe cases may require repeat treatments.

The bacteria prefer an oxygen-free environment, so leaving the area open to the air is recommended. If bandages are used to hold bactericide in place, they must be removed within two days.

Where appropriate, provide anti-inflammatory pain relief (NSAIDs) under veterinary guidance.