Emission factors for cattle and dairy housing

The data in the emission factors tables provide insight from research throughout the UK and the Netherlands.The data in the emission factors tables provide insight from research throughout the UK and the Netherlands.

Emission factors for livestock

Livestock class

Grazed outdoors

Housed in cubicles

Housed on deep litter

Dairy cows and heifers

16.9

34.3

17.2

Incalf heifers

12.3

 

 

Calves

1.9

 

10.6

Beef cattle

4.7

34.3

17.2

Units – grams of Nitrogen/animal/day

Misselbrook et al. (1999)

Emission factors for manure storage and land spreading

Storage emission factor

g N/m2/day

Land spreading emission factor

% of TAN applied

Slurry

 

Slurry, DM% based

 

     Crusted

2.1

AugApr. <4%

15%

     Not crusted

4.4

                   4-8%

37%

     Weeping wall

2.1

                 >8%

59%

 

 

MayJul. all DM%

60%

Solid manure

2.5

Solid manure

76%

Dirty water

0.4

Dirty water

15%

Yard emissions

8.3 g N/animal/day

 

 

Misselbrook et al. (1999)

Emission from dairy cow housing systems

Housing system

Floor type

NH3 emissions g. NH3 per head per day

Ventilation

Reference

Cubicles

Slats

3245

Mechanical

Kroodsma et al 1993

 

 

2042

Natural

Groot Koerkamp et al 1997

 

 

40

Natural

Van’t Ooster 1994

 

 

26

Natural

Pfeiffer et al 1994

 

Flat, solid

25

Natural

Pfeiffer et al 1994

 

 

32

Natural

Demmers et al 1998

 

Sloped, solid

25

Mechanical

Huis In’t Veld et al 1994

Non-cubicle

Flat, solid

30

Mechanical

Groenestein & Reitsma 1993

Ammonia emission limits for dairy cattle housing in The Netherlands

 

Housing built pre Jun 2015

Housing built Jul 2015Jan 2018

Housing built post Jan 2018

Dairy cows over 2 Years

12.2

(33.4)

11.0

(30.1)

8.6

(23.6)

Veal calves up to 8 months

-

-

2.5

(6.85)

Units - Kg NH3 per head per year (grams NH3 per head per day)

Useful links

Five ways to reduce ammonia emissions for dairy farmers

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