- Home
- Knowledge library
- Emission factors for cattle and dairy housing
Emission factors for cattle and dairy housing
The data in the emission factors tables provide insight from research throughout the UK and the Netherlands.The data in the emission factors tables provide insight from research throughout the UK and the Netherlands.
Emission factors for livestock
Livestock class |
Grazed outdoors |
Housed in cubicles |
Housed on deep litter |
Dairy cows and heifers |
16.9 |
34.3 |
17.2 |
Incalf heifers |
12.3 |
|
|
Calves |
1.9 |
|
10.6 |
Beef cattle |
4.7 |
34.3 |
17.2 |
Units – grams of Nitrogen/animal/day
Misselbrook et al. (1999)
Emission factors for manure storage and land spreading
Storage emission factor |
g N/m2/day |
Land spreading emission factor |
% of TAN applied |
Slurry |
|
Slurry, DM% based |
|
Crusted |
2.1 |
Aug–Apr. <4% |
15% |
Not crusted |
4.4 |
4-8% |
37% |
Weeping wall |
2.1 |
>8% |
59% |
|
|
May–Jul. all DM% |
60% |
Solid manure |
2.5 |
Solid manure |
76% |
Dirty water |
0.4 |
Dirty water |
15% |
Yard emissions |
8.3 g N/animal/day |
|
|
Misselbrook et al. (1999)
Emission from dairy cow housing systems
Housing system |
Floor type |
NH3 emissions g. NH3 per head per day |
Ventilation |
Reference |
Cubicles |
Slats |
32–45 |
Mechanical |
Kroodsma et al 1993 |
|
|
20–42 |
Natural |
Groot Koerkamp et al 1997 |
|
|
40 |
Natural |
Van’t Ooster 1994 |
|
|
26 |
Natural |
Pfeiffer et al 1994 |
|
Flat, solid |
25 |
Natural |
Pfeiffer et al 1994 |
|
|
32 |
Natural |
Demmers et al 1998 |
|
Sloped, solid |
25 |
Mechanical |
Huis In’t Veld et al 1994 |
Non-cubicle |
Flat, solid |
30 |
Mechanical |
Groenestein & Reitsma 1993 |
Ammonia emission limits for dairy cattle housing in The Netherlands
|
Housing built pre Jun 2015 |
Housing built Jul 2015–Jan 2018 |
Housing built post Jan 2018 |
Dairy cows over 2 Years |
12.2 (33.4) |
11.0 (30.1) |
8.6 (23.6) |
Veal calves up to 8 months |
- |
- |
2.5 (6.85) |
Units - Kg NH3 per head per year (grams NH3 per head per day)