Minimising calving difficulties - Cow care after calving

Below we focus on cow care after calving, including nutrition and postnatal checks.

Management of the cow and calf at calving is a key element of the calving process.

Factors that should be well managed include nutrition, calving assistance, colostrum management, disease testing and monitoring and the use of medicines.

Catch up with our webinar for more technical detail on suckler cow and calf management, including scours, disease testing and responsible antibiotic use.

Webinar: Management of the suckler cow and calf around calving

Cows should pass the placenta within 12–24 hours of calving.

If it has not been passed in this time, consult your vet and monitor the cow’s appetite and temperature until it has been passed and the vaginal discharge has stopped.

A cow's ideal temperature is between 38.6–38.8°C.

Pay close attention to the diet of freshly calved cows.

The nutrient demand of a newly calved cow is approximately double that of a dry cow.

It is important to supply plenty of energy and protein to maintain milk production and promote recovery after birth.

The aim should be to avoid a negative energy balance post-calving.

It is also important to provide fresh, clean water.

Heifers, in particular, are likely to need supplementary feed because they require energy for maintenance, growth and milk production.

To achieve a 365-day calving interval, cows have around 80 days before they need to conceive the next pregnancy. 

During this period, it is easy to forget the cows' breeding health while you focus entirely on managing the young calves.

However, for a succesful calving next year, you need to think about it immediately. To conceive, the cows must have clean reproductive organs and be cycling normally. 

In a herd with a history of below-target re-breeding, it may be worth asking your vet to check for infection and whether cows are cycling.

This is particularly important for cows that have had difficult calvings.

Such a check involves a manual inspection, which should take no longer than a regular pregnancy diagnosis (PD) test.

With an estimated production cost of £450–800/cow/year depending on the system, getting one more cow back in calf will more than cover the examination cost.